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Invasion genetics of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas in the British Isles inferred from microsatellite and mitochondrial markers

机译：从微卫星和线粒体标记推论不列颠群岛太平洋牡蛎Crassostrea gigas的入侵遗传学

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The Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, native to northeast Asia, is one of the most important cultured shellfish species. In Europe, Pacific oysters first settled along the Atlantic coasts of France at the end of the 1960s but rapidly spread and are now widely established. Twenty-two sites in the United Kingdom (UK), Ireland, Denmark, France and Spain were sampled to assess genetic diversity and differentiation. Hatchery-propagated stocks from two hatcheries located in the UK also were included. Two main genetic clusters were identified from pairwise genetic differentiation indexes, Bayesian clustering methods or neighbour-joining analysis, based on 7 microsatellite loci: (1) a Northeast cluster (including feral samples from East England, Ireland and Denmark as well as UK hatchery stocks) and (2) a Southwest cluster (including samples from South Wales, South West England, France and Spain). The Southwest cluster had significantly higher allelic richness (A) and expected heterozygosity (H-e ) (A: 45.68, H-e : 0.928) than in the Northeast (A: 26.58, H-e : 0.883); the two diverging by a small but significant F-ST value (F-ST = 0.017, 95 % CI 0.014-0.021). A 739-bp fragment of the major noncoding region of the mitochondrial genome was sequenced in 248 oysters from 12 of the studied samples in Europe and in 25 oysters from Miyagi prefecture (Japan). A total of 81 haplotypes were found. Haplotype frequency analyses identified the same two clusters observed using microsatellites. This study highlights how the number and size of introduction events, aquaculture practices, genetic bottlenecks followed by genetic drift and natural dispersal can act concurrently to shape the genetic diversity and structure of introduced populations.
机译：太平洋牡蛎，Crassostrea gigas，原产于东北亚，是最重要的养殖贝类之一。在欧洲，太平洋牡蛎在1960年代末首次定居在法国的大西洋沿岸，但迅速蔓延，现已广泛建立。对英国（英国），爱尔兰，丹麦，法国和西班牙的22个地点进行了采样，以评估遗传多样性和分化。来自英国两个孵化场的孵化场繁殖种群也包括在内。根据7个微卫星基因座，从成对遗传分化指数中确定了两个主要的遗传聚类，即贝叶斯聚类方法或邻居结合分析：（1）东北聚类（包括来自东英格兰，爱尔兰和丹麦的野生样本以及英国的孵化场种群） ）和（2）西南星团（包括来自南威尔士，西南英格兰，法国和西班牙的样本）。西南群的等位基因丰富度（A）和预期杂合度（H-e）（A：45.68，H-e：0.928）明显高于东北（A：26.58，H-e：0.883）；两者相差很小但很有意义的F-ST值（F-ST = 0.017，95％CI 0.014-0.021）。线粒体基因组主要非编码区的739 bp片段在欧洲12个研究样本的248牡蛎和宫城县（日本）的25的牡蛎中测序。共发现81个单倍型。单倍型频率分析确定了使用微卫星观察到的相同的两个簇。这项研究强调了引进事件的数量和大小，水产养殖实践，遗传瓶颈，随后的遗传漂移和自然扩散如何同时起作用，以塑造引进种群的遗传多样性和结构。

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